This past summer, vaping has been possibly tied to hundreds of cases of severe lung disease across the U.S., some resulting in death. As the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigates these cases, federal authorities are urging people to stop using e-cigarettes and other vaping products.

Many of these patients were adolescents or young adults. While it’s not yet entirely known how vaping made these people sick, we do know that using e-cigs can lead to a range of health issues, including addiction.

As new cases pop up in the news, here are five things everyone needs to know about vaping:

1. Teens are vaping at an alarming rate. The CDC reports that while 2.8 percent of US adults use e-cigs, almost 21 percent of high schoolers vape. In 2018, more than 3.6 million high school and middle school students reported to have vaped in the past 30 days – an increase of 78 percent from the previous year.

2. Vaping can cause dangerous health effects, especially for young adults. E-cigs contain nicotine, which is highly addictive and particularly harmful to adolescents. It can harm teens’ brain development, affecting attention, learning, mood and impulse control, according to the CDC. The drug can also raise blood pressure, putting people at risk for heart disease or stroke. Since e-cigs have only been around for a short time, the long-term health effects are unknown.

3. E-cigs are not safe. E-cigs heat a liquid and produce an aerosol of small particles, which can contain potentially harmful substances, including nicotine, heavy metals like lead, volatile organic compounds, and cancer-causing agents.

Some e-cigs contain more nicotine than regular cigarettes, making them more addictive. The CDC reports that vaping can also lead some people to use tobacco products in the future.

4. Not all vaping is legal. Illegal vaping liquids are often used with legally sold e-cig devices. Many young people buy vaping ingredients “on the street” where there is no oversight to their safety or quality. In fact, several of the lung illness cases reportedly involve THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, or vitamin E acetate, an oil found in cannabis products. In many places, the sale of marijuana remains illegal.

While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently begun regulating vaping, many e-cig manufacturers have not yet sought FDA approval or published detailed information on their ingredients.

5. When it comes to stopping vaping, knowledge is a powerful deterrent. According to the CDC, talking to teens about the dangers of vaping and setting a good example by being tobacco-free can help prevent or stop the use of e-cigs. This tip sheet can help parents start the conversation.

Health care providers can also play a role in exposing the harmful effects of vaping. If you are concerned that your teen may be vaping or may find themselves tempted to experiment, this would be a good topic to address with your child’s health care provider at their next check-up.

Vaping originally held promise as a less harmful alternative to regular cigarettes for adult smokers. Now that vaping is increasingly being associated with serious health consequences, Horizon BCBSNJ encourages anyone who vapes or uses e-cigarettes to quit.

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